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Scientific Narrative References

  1. Ash J. A., Scheideler E., and Novak C. L. The fate of genetically modified protein from Roundup Ready® soybeans in the laying hen. Poultry Sciences, Supplement 1; p 26; Palais de Congrès, Montreal Canada; August 18-21, 2000.
  2. Aulrich, K., I. Halle and G. Flachowsky. 1998. Inhaltsstoffe und Verdaulichkeit von Maiskörnen der Sorte Cesar und der gentechnisch veränderten Bt-hybride bei Legenhennen. Proc Einfluss von Erzeugung und Verarbeitung auf die Qualität laudwirtschaftlicher Produkte. 465-468.
  3. Ayliffe, MA, Scott, NS and Timmis, JN (1998) Analysis of plastid DNA-like sequences within the nuclear genomes of higher plants. Mol. Biol. Evol., 15, 738-745.
  4. Beever, D.E., Kemp, C.F. 2000. Safety issues associated with the DNA in animal feed derived from genetically modified crops. A review of scientific and regulatory procedures. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews Series B: Livestock Feeds and Feeding. 70:175-182.
  5. Behr, J., Demeneix, B., Loeffler, J. and Perez-Mutul, J. Efficient gene transfer into mammalian primary endocrine cells with lipopolyamine-coated DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci (USA) 86: 6982-6986, 1989.
  6. Bendich, A. Why do chloroplasts and mitochondria contain so many copies of their genome? BioEssays, 6, 279-282, 1987.
  7. Beringer, J. E. 2000. Releasing genetically modified organisms: will any harm outweigh any advantage? Journal of Applied Ecology 37: 207-214.
  8. Böhme, H. and K. Aulrich. 1999. Inhaltsstoffe und Verdaulichkeit von transgenen Zuckerrben bzw. Krnermais im Vergleich zu den isogenen Sorten beim Schwein. (Ingredients and digestibility of transgenic sugar beets and corn in comparison to the isogenic varieties in the case of pigs). VDLUFA Conference Proceedings 1999, 111th VDLUFA Conference, 13-17 September 1999, Halle/Saale.
  9. Brake, J. and D. Vlachos. 1998. Evaluation of event 176 "Bt" corn in broiler chickens. J. Poultry Sci. 77:648-653.
  10. Daenicke, R., D. Gadeken and K. Aulrich. 1999. Einsatz von Silomais herkömmlicher Sorten und der gentechnisch veränderten Bt Hybriden in der Rinderfhtterung - Mastrinder -12, Maiskolloquium. 40-42.
  11. Dickinson, J.O., King, R.R. 1978. The transfer of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Senecio jacobaea into the milk of lactating cows and goats. In: Effects of Poisonous Plants on Livestock. Keeler, VanKampen and James (Eds.). pp. 201- 209. New York, Academic Press.
  12. Doerfler W. (2000). Foreign DNA in Mammalian Systems. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.l.
  13. Doerfler, W., Schubbert, R., Heller, H., Kammer, C., Hilger-Eversheim, K., Knoblauch, M., and Remus, R. 1997. Integration of foreign DNA in its consequences in mammalian systems. Tibtech 15: 297-301.
  14. Donkin, S.S., J.C. Velez, E.P. Stanisiewski and G.F. Hartnell. 2000. Effect of feeding Roundup Readyâ corn silage and grain on feed intake, milk production and milk composition in lactating dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 83 (Suppl 1):273 Abstract 1144
  15. Einspanier R., Klotz, A., Kraft J., Aulrich K., Poser R., Schwägele F., Jahreis G. and Flachowksy G. The fate of forage plant DNA in farm animals: A collaborative case-study investigating cattle and chicken fed recombinant plant material. Eur. Food Res. Technol., Vol. 212, Issue 1:2-12, 2001.
  16. Faust, M. 1999. Research update on Bt corn silage. Four State Applied Nutrition and Management Conference. MWPS-4SD5. 158-164.
  17. Faust, M. and L. Miller. 1997. Study finds no Bt in milk. IC-478. Fall Special Livestock Edition. pp 6-7. Iowa State University Extension, Ames, Iowa.
  18. Flachowsky, G., Aulrich, K., Böhme, H. and Daenicke, R. GMO in animal nutrition - Results of experiments at our Institute. Proc. 6th Int. Feed Prod. Conf.; Piacenza:291-307; 27-28 Nov. 2000.
  19. Folmer, J.D., G.E. Erickson, C.T. Milton, T.J. Klopfenstein and J.F. Beck. 2000. Utilization of Bt corn residue and corn silage for growing beef steers. Abstract 271 presented at the Midwestern Section ASAS and Midwest Branch ADSA 2000 Meeting, Des Moines, IA.
  20. Folmer, J.D., R.J. Grant, C.T. Milton and J.F. Beck. 2000. Effect of Bt corn silage on short-term lactational performance and ruminal fermentation in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83 (5):1182. Abstract 272.
  21. Forbes J. M., Blair G. E., Chiter A. and Perks S. Effect of feed processing conditions on DNA
    fragmentation. U. K. MAFF Report CS0116, 2000.
  22. Gardner M. L. G. Gastrointestinal absorption of intact proteins. Ann. Rev. Nutr. 8:329-350, 1988.
  23. Gawienowski M. C., Eckhoff S. R., Yang P., Rayapati P. J., Binder T. and Briskin D. P. Fate of maize DNA during steeping, wet-milling and processing. Cereal Chem. 76:371-374, 1999.
  24. Genetically Modified Pest-Protected Plants: Science and Regulation. National Academy Press, Washington DC., 2000, Appendix B.
  25. Halle, I., K. Aulrich and G. Flachowsky. 1998. Einsatz von Maiskörnen der Sorte Cesar und des gentechnisch veränderten Bt-Hybriden in der Broiler mast. Proc. 5. Tagung, Schweine- und Geflhgelernährung, 01-03.12.1998, Wittenberg p 265-267.
  26. Hamer, D. H. Interbacterial Transfer of Escherichia coli-Drosophila melanogaster Recombinant
    Plasmids. Science 196:220-221, 1977.
  27. Hammond, B., J. Vicini, G. Hartnell, M.W. Naylor, C.D. Knight, E. Robinson, R. L. Fuchs, and Padgette, S.R. 1996. The feeding value of soybeans fed to rats, chickens, catfish and dairy cattle is not altered by genetic incorporation of glyphosate tolerance. J. Nutr. 126: 717-727.
  28. He, Y. Sanderson, I. R. and Walker, W. A. 1994. Uptake, transport and metabolism of
    exogenous nucleosides in intestinal epithelial cell cultures. J. Nutr. 124: 1942-1949.
  29. Hendrix, K.S., A.T. Petty, and D.L. Lofgren. 2000. Feeding value of whole plant silage and crop residues from Bt or normal corns. J. Anim. Sci. 78(Suppl.1):273 Abstract 1146.
  30. Hohlweg, U. and Doerfler, W. On the fate of plant or other foreign genes upon the uptake in food or after intramuscular injection in mice. Mol Genet Genomics 265: 225-233, 2001.
  31. Hupfer, C., Mayer, J., Hotzel, H., Sachse, K. and Engel, K. 1999. The effect of ensiling on PCR-based detection of genetically modified Bt maize. Eur. Food Res.
    Technol. 209: 301-304.
  32. Keeler, R.F., VanKampen, K.R., James, L.F. Eds. 1978. Effects of poisonous plants on livestock. New York, Academic Press.
  33. Kerley, M.S., E.E.D. Felton, J.W. Lehmkuhler, and R. Shillito. Bt corn that is genetically modified to prevent insect damage is equal to conventional corn in feeding value for beef cattle. Abstract 301 presented at the Midwester Section ASAS and Midwest Branch ADSA 2001 Meeting,
    Des Moines, IA.
  34. Khumnirdpetch V., Udomsri Intarachote A., Treemanee S., Tragoonroong S. and Thummabood S. Plant and Animal Genome IX Conf., San Diego, CA (Poster 585); 13-17 Jan 2001.
  35. Klinedinst, D. and Drinkwater, N. 1992. Mutagenesis by apurinic sites in normal and ataxia telangiectasia human lymphoblastoid cells. Molecular Carcinogenesis 6: 32-42.
  36. Klotz, A., Einspanier, R. 1998. Nachweis von "Novel-Feed" im Tier? Beeintrachtigung des Verbrauchers von Fleish oder Milch ist nicht zu erwarten. Mais 3:109-111.
  37. Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E., and Sambrook, J. 1982. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York.
  38. Maturin Sr., L. and R. Curtiss III. 1977. Degradation of DNA by nucleases in intestinal tract of rats. Science 196: 216-218.
  39. Mayer, J. and K. Rutzmoser. 1999,. 36-39.
  40. McAllan, A. B. 1980. The degradation of nucleic acids in, and the removal of breakdown products from the small intestines of steers. Br. J. Nutr. 44: 99-112.
  41. McAllan, A. B. 1982. The fate of nucleic acids in ruminants. Prac. Nutr. Soc. 41: 309-317.
  42. Metcalfe D. D., Astwood J. D., Townsend R., Sampson H. A., Taylor S. L., Fuchs R. L. Assessment of the allergenic potential of foods derived from genetically engineered crop plants. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 36:165-186, 1996.
  43. Mireles, Jr., A., S. Kim, R. Thompson and B. Amundsen. 2000. GMO (Bt) corn is similar in composition and nutrient availability to broilers as non-GMO Corn. J. Poultry Sci. 79 (Suppl. 1): 65-66. Abstract 285.
  44. National Academy Press. 2000. Genetically Modified Pest-Protected Plants: Science and Regulation. Washington DC. Appendix B. Washington, DC.
  45. Padgette, S., N. Taylor, D. Nider, et al. 1996. The composition of glyphosate- tolerant soybean seed is equivalent to that of conventional soybeans. J. Nutr. 126: 702-716.
  46. Petty, A.T., K.S. Hendrix, E.P. Stanisiewski, and G.F. Hartnell. Feeding value of Bt corn grain compared with its parental hybrid when fed in beef cattle finishing diets. Abstract 320 presented at the Midwester Section ASAS and Midwest Branch ADSA 2001 Meeting, Des Moines, IA.
  47. Petty, A.T., K.S. Hendrix, E.P. Stanisiewski, and G.F. Hartnell. Performance of beef cattle fed Roundup ReadyÒ corn harvested as whole plant silage or grain. Abstract 321 presented at the Midwester Section ASAS and Midwest Branch ADSA 2001 Meeting, Des Moines, IA.
  48. Rasche, E. 1998. Rapeseed with tolerance to the non selective herbicide glufosinate ammonium. Plant Oils Fuels, Proc. Symposium, 211-221.
  49. Roberts P. R., Burney J. D., Black K. W., Zaloga G. P. Effect of chain length on absorption of biologically active peptides from the gastrointestinal tract. Digestion, 60:332-337, 1999.
  50. The Royal Society. 1998. Genetically modified plants for food use
  51. Russell, J. and T. Peterson. 1999. Bt corn and non-Bt corn crop residues equal in grazing value. Extension News, June 30, 1999. Iowa State University Extension, Ames, IA.
  52. Russel, J.R., M.J. Herson, M.M. Haan, M.L. Kruse, and D.G. Morrical. 2001. Effects of grazing crop residues from Bt-corn hybrids on pregnant beef cows. Abstract 300 presented at the Midwester Section ASAS and Midwest Branch ADSA 2001 Meeting, Des Moines, IA.
  53. Russell, J.R., M.J. Hersom, A. Pugh, K. Barrett and D. Farnham. 2000. Effects of grazing crop residues from Bt-corn hybrids on the performance of gestating beef cows. Abstract 244 presented at the Midwestern Section ASAS and Midwest Branch ADSA 2000 Meeting, Des Moines, IA.
  54. Russell, J.R., D. Farnham, R.K. Berryman, M.J. Hersom, A. Pugh and K. Barrett. 2000. Nutritive value of the crop residues from Bt-corn hybrids and their effects on performance of grazing beef cows. 2000 Beef Research Report -Iowa State University. p 56-61.
  55. Schubbert, R., Lettmann, C. and Doerfler, W. 1994. Ingested foreign (phage M13) DNA survives transiently in the gastrointestinal tract and enters the bloodstream of mice. Mol Gen Genet 242: 495-504.
  56. Schubbert, R., Hohlweg, U., Renz, D. and Doerfler, W. 1998. On the fate of orally ingested foreign DNA in mice: chromosomal association and placental transmission to the fetus. Mol Gen Genet 259: 569-576.
  57. Schubbert, R., Renz, D., Schmitz, B. and Doerfler, W. 1997. Foreign (M13) DNA ingested by mice reaches peripheral leukocytes, spleen, and liver via the intestinal wall mucosa and can be covalently linked to mouse DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci (USA) 94: 961-966.
  58. Sidhu, R.S., B.G. Hammond, R.L. Fuchs, J.N. Mutz, L.R. Holden, B. George and T. Olson. 2000. Glyphosate-tolerant corn: the composition and feeding value of grain from glyphosate-tolerant corn is equivalent to that of conventional corn (Zea mays L.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 48:2305-2312.
  59. Sonoda, T. and Tatibana, M. 1978. Metabolic fate of pyrimidines and purines in dietary nucleic acids ingested by mice. Biochimica et. Biophysica Acta 521: 55-66.
  60. Tsukamoto, M., Ochiya, T., Yoshida, S., Sugimura, T. and Terada, M. 1995. Gene transfer and expression in progeny after intravenous DNA injection into pregnant mice. Nature Genetics 9: 243-248.
  61. Tsume Y., Taki Y., Sakane T., Nadai T., Sezaki H., Watabe K., Kohno T. and Yamashita S. Quantitative evaluation of the gastrointestinal absorption of protein into the blood and lymph circulation. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 19:1332-1337, 1996.
  62. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 1992. Statement of Policy: Foods Derived from New Plant
    Varieties: Notice, Federal Register. 57:104. 22984-23005.
  63. Watson J. C. and Thompson W.F. 1988. Purification and restriction endonuclease analysis of plant nuclear DNA. In: Methods for Plant Molecular Biology. Weissbach, A. and Weissbach, H., (Eds.). Academic Press, San Diego.
  64. World Health Organization. 1991. Strategies for Assessing the Safety of Foods Processed by
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  65. Webb K. E. Intestinal absorption of protein hydrolysis products: A review. J. Anim. Sci. 68: pp 3011-3022, 1990.
  66. Weber, T.E. and Richert, B.T. Grower-finisher growth performance and carcass characteristics including attempts to detect transgenic plant DNA and protein in muscle from pigs fed genetically modified "Bt" corn. Midwestern Section ASAS and Midwest Branch ADSA Meeting, Des Moines, IA, Abstract #162, 2001.
  67. Weber, T.E., B.T. Richert, D.C. Kendall, K.A. Bowers and C.T. Herr. 2000. Grower-finisher performance and carcass characteristics of pigs fed genetically modified "Bt" corn. Purdue University, 2000 Swine Day Report. 
  68. Yu, V. Y. H. 1998. The role of dietary nucleotides in neonatal and infant nutrition. Singapore Med. J. 39: 143-150.