The miracles of science™

Select Industry
DuPont Biotechnology Home
Guiding Principles
Advisory Panel
Intro to Biotech
Products and Benefits
Science Knowledge
Food Allergy FAQs About Food Allergies Scientific Narrative References Feed and Livestock Gene Flow Herbicide Resistant Crops and Weed Management Horizontal Gene Transfer Methods Selected Readings
News Releases
Speeches
CONTACT US
Printer Friendly Version
DuPont Products & Services
DuPont Brands & Trademarks

Scientific Narrative References

  1. Akesson A, Ingvarsson S, Brady K, Moynagy P and CAK Borrebaeck (2000). Rapid polarization of Th2 cells during induction of antigen-specific IgE antibodies in vitro. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 30:1298-1306.
  2. Astwood, J. D., Leach, J. N. & Fuchs, R. L. 1996. Stability of food allergens to digestion in vitro. Nature Biotechnology 14:1269-73.
  3. Astwood, J.D. (2001). Presented at The Toxcicology Forum, Washington, D.C., February 12-14.
  4. Atkinson, HAC, Johnson, IT, Gee, JM, Grigiadou, F, Miller, K. (1996). Brown Norway rat model of food allergy: effect of plant components on the development of oral sensitization. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 34:27-32.
  5. Board of Trustees (ed.) 1995. Simulated Gastric Fluid, T.S., pp. 2053 in The United States Pharmacopeia 23, The National Formulary 18. United States.5.
  6. Burks A W; Fuchs R L. Assessment of the endogenous allergens in glyphosate-tolerant and commercial soybean varieties [see comments]. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1995 Dec), 96(6 Pt 1), 1008-10.
  7. Bush, RK, SL Hefle (1996). Food Allergens. Critical Rev. in Food Science and Nutrition, 36(S):S119-S163.
  8. Day, P. (1992) The Biology of Plant Proteins. Critical Rev. in Food Science and Nutrition, 36(S):S39-S47.
  9. Dearman, RJ, Caddick H, Basketter DA, I Kimber (2000). Divergent antibody isotype responses induced in mice by stystemic exposure to proteins: a comparison of ovalbumin with bovine serum albumin. Food Chem Toxicol, 38:351-360.
  10. Del Val, G, Yee, BC, Lzano, RM, Buchanan, BB, Ermel RW, Lee YM, Frick, OL. (1999). Thioredoxin treatment increases digestibility and lowers allergenicity of milk. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 103(4):690-7.
  11. Domingo, J.L. 2000. Health risks of GM foods: Many opinions but few data. Science 288: 1748-1749.
  12. Elsayed, S., Sornes, S., Aplod, J., Vik, H. & Florvagg, E. 1982. The immuological reactivity of the three homologous repetitive tetrapeptides in the region 41-64 of allergen M from cod.Scand. J. Immunol. 16:77-82.
  13. Ermel, RW, Griffey, SM, Reinhart, GA, Frick, OL, (1997). The atopic dog: a model for food allergy. Laboratory Animal Science. 47(1):40-9.
  14. European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM, 2001). Workshop on: Role of in silico and in vitro approaches in assessm ent of the allergenic hazard associated with oral ingestion of genetically modified food products. Ispra, Italy, Feb 27- March 2, 2001.
  15. Food and Drug Administration (1992). Statement of policy: Foods derived from new plant varieties: Notice. Federal Register 57: 104 22984-23005
  16. Fuchs, R. L., Ream, J. E., Hammond, B. G., Naylor, M. W., Leimgruber, R. M. & Berberich, S. A. (1993). Safety assessment of the Neomycin Phosphotransferase II (NPTII) Protein. Bio/Technology 11:1543-1547
  17. Gendel, S. M. (1998a). The use of amino acid sequence alignments to assess potential allergenicity of proteins used in genetically modified foods. advances in food and nutrition research 42:45-62
  18. Gendel, S. M. (1998b). Sequence databases for assessing the potential allergenicity of proteins used in trasgenic foods.Advances In Food And Nutrition Research 42:63-92
  19. Harrison, L. A., Bailey, M. R., Naylor, M. W., Ream, J. E., Hammond, B. G., Nida, D. L., Burnette, B. L., Nickson, T. E., Mitsky, T. A., Taylor, M. L., Fuchs, R. L. & Padgette, S. R. (1996). The expressed protein in glyphosate tolerant soybean, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, is rapidly digested in vitro and is not toxic to acutely gavaged mice. J. Nutrition 126:728-740
  20. Hilton, J, Dearman, RJ, Sattar, N, Basketter, DA, Kimber, I, (1997). Characteristics of antibody responses induced in mice by protein allergens. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 35(12):1209-1218.
  21. International Food Biotechnology Council (1990). Biotechnologies and Food: Assuring the Safety of Foods Produced by Genetic Modification. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. Volume 12, no.3: 1-193.
  22. IFBC/ILSI AII, 1996. The most important, comprehensive, and compact reference is the special supplement published by Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition (Clydesdale, ed), volume 36 supplement, 1996. All eight of the chapters are relevant, summarizing at length much of what is in the above references, and chapter 8 (Metcalfee, et al.) presents the decision tree for allergen assessment which has been accepted by both US and international agencies (see, for example, Safety aspects of genetically modified foods of plant origin, report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation on food derived from biotechnology, WHO, (2000)) as the practical science based standard. Chapter 5 contains the extensive tables for minor known allergens, with references, mentioned above. The eight chapter titles and first authors are listed here, with the rest of the reference as above:
    1. Mekori. Introduction to allergic diseases.
    2. Anderson. Allergic reactions to foods.
    3. Day. The biology of plant proteins.
    4. Day. Genetic modification of proteins in food.
    5. Hefle et al. Allergenic foods.
    6. Taylor and Lehrer. Principles and characteristics of food allergens.
    7. Bush and Hefle. Food allergens.
    8. Metcalfe, et al. Assessment of the allergenic potential of foods derived from genetically engineered crop plants
  23. Kataoka H, Tsuda, A, Tsuda Y, Baba A, Yoshida H, Fukui H, Nishiguchi M, Tanaka K, Semma M, Ito Y, (1998). Establishment and application of the abdominal wall method (AW method) for induction and detection of immediate allergy. Japan Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 44(4):277-288
  24. Kaz'mina IuG, Salamatova SA, Liubinskaia MM, Chernokhvostova EV, (1984). Tolerance induction by the peroral administration of protein antigens. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii Immunobiologii. 8:83-88.
  25. Knippels LM, Penninks AH, Spanhaak S, Houben GF, (1998). Oral sensitization to food proteins: a Brown Norway rat model. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 28:368-375.
  26. Knippels LM, Penninks AH, van Meeteren M, Houben GF, (1999). Humoral and cellular immune responses in different rat strains upon oral exposure to ovalbumin. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 37:881-888.
  27. Knippels LM, Penninks, AH, Smit JJ, Houben GF, (1999). Immune-mediated effects upon oral challenge of ovalbumin sensitized Brown Norway rats: further characterization of a rat food allergy model. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 156:161-169.
  28. Knippels LM, Van Der Kleij, HPM, Koppelman SJ, Houben GF, Penninks AH, Felius AA, (2000). Comparison of antibody responses to hen's egg and cow's milk proteins in orally sensitized rats and food-allergic patients. Allergy 2000. 55:251-258.
  29. Kumar V, Bhardwaj V, Soares L, Alexander J, Sette A, Sercarz E, (1995). Major histocompatibility complex binding affinity of an antigenic determinant is crucial for the differential secretion of interleukin 4/5 or interferon gamma by T cells. Proceeding of The National Academy of Science USA. 92:9510-9514.
  30. Lehrer, SB, G Reese. (1997) Recombinant Proteins in Newly Developed Foods: Indentification of Allergenic Activity. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 113:122-124.
  31. Lessof MH,(1992). Food Allergy and Other Adverse Reactions to Food. ILSI Europe concise monograph, ILSI, Brussels.
  32. Li X, Schofield BH, Huang CK, Kleiner GJ, Sampson HA, (1999). A murine model of IgE-mediated cow's milk hypersensitivity. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 103:206-14.
  33. Metcalfe D, (1992). The Nature and Mechanisms of Food Allergies and Related Diseases. Food Technology (May 1992) 136-140.
  34. Metcalfe, D. D., Astwood, J. D., Townsend, R., Sampson, H. A., Taylor, S. L. & Fuchs, R. L. 1996. Assessment of the allergenic potential of foods derived from genetically engineered crop plants. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 36 Suppl:S165-86
  35. Miller, K., Bradley, A., Fitzgerald, R., Maggi, E., Morgan, M. & Wal, J. 1996. Chemical composition and structure of food constituents: Defining allergenic potential.Monogr. Allergy 32:100-104
  36. National Academy of Science, 2000. Genetically Modified Pest-Protected Plant: Science and Regulation. National Academy Press, Washington, DC., 2000.
  37. Nordlee, J. A. (1995). Masters Thesis, University of Nebraska.
  38. Nordlee JA, Taylor SL, Townsend JA, Thomas LA, Bush RK, (1996) Identification of a Brazil-nut allergen in biotech soybeans. New England Journal of Medicine 334:688-692.
  39. OECD. 1996. Food safety evaluations. OECD documents. Paris.
  40. Pfeiffer C; Stein J; Southwood S; Ketelaar H; Sette A; Bottomly K, (1995). Altered peptide ligands can control CD4 T lymphocyte differentiation in vivo. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 181:1569-1574.
  41. Rasche, E. 1998. Rapeseed with tolerance to the non-selective herbicide glufosinate ammonium.Plant Oils Fuels, Proc. Symp. 211-22.
  42. Saier, MH (1994). Computer-aided analyses of transport protein sequences: gleaning evidence concerning function, structure, biognesis, and evolution. Microbiological Reviews, 58:71-93.
  43. Sampson HA, (1992). Food Hypersensitivity: Manifestation, Diagnosis, and Natural History. Food Technology (May 1992) 141-145.
  44. Sampson HA, (1995). Food allergies. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 11:548-553.
  45. Sampson HA, (2000). Food Allergy: From Biology Toward Therapy. Hospital Practice (Office edition) 35:67-70, 73-6, 79.
  46. Schmidt, CA (1998). Natural Born Killers. Environ. Health Perspect. 106-9:
  47. Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP, 2000). Assessment of Scientific Information Concerning StarLink(tm) Corn, FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting, November 28, 2000.
  48. Shagger, H. & Von Jagow, H. 1987. Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for separation of proteins in the range from 1 to 100 kDa. Anal. Biochem. 166:368-379.
  49. Taylor SL, (1992). Chemistry and Detection of Food Allergens. Food Technology (May 1992) 146-152.
  50. Taylor, S. L. & Lehrer, S. B. 1996. Principles and characteristics of food allergens.Critical Reviews In Food Science And Nutrition 36 Suppl:S91-118.
  51. Taylor SL, Nordlee JA, Bush RK, (1992) Food Allergies, Chapter 28 (pp 316-329) of Food Safety Assessment, Finley et al. eds., ACS, Washington DC.
  52. Trewavas, A and CJ Leaver, 1999. Conventional crops are the test of GM prejudice. Nature 401:640.
  53. Van Halteren AG, van der Cammen MJ, Biewenga J, Savelkoul HG, Kraal G, (1997). IgE and mast cell response on intestinal allergen exposure: a murine model to study the onset of food allergy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 99:94-99.
  54. WHO/FAO. 1991. Strategies for assessing the safety of foods produced by biotechnology. Report of a joint WHO/FAO consultation. Geneva.
  55. Yamanishi R, Tsuji, H, Bando N, Yoshimoto I, Ogawa T, (1997). Micro-assay method for evaluating the allergenicity of the major soybean allergen, Gly m Bd 30K, with mouseantiserum and RBL-2H3 cells. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 61(1):19-23.
  56. Yuki Y, Fujihaski K, Yamamoto M, McGhee JR, Kiyono H , (1998). Human milk proteins including secretory IgA fail to elicit tolerance after feeding. International Immunology. 10(4): 537-545.
  57. Zafiropoulos A, Andersson E, Krambovitis E and CAK Borrebaeck (1997). Induction of antigen-specific isotype switching by in vitro immunization of human naïve B lymphocytes. J. of Immunological Methods, 200:181-190.