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Scientific Narrative References

  1. Bandeen, J.D., G.R. Stephenson, and E.R. Cowett. 1982. Discovery and distribution of herbicide-resistant weeds in North America. In: H.M. LeBaron and J.Gressel, eds. Herbicide Resistance in Plants, pp. 9-30. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
  2. Baucom, R.S. and R. Mauricio. 2004. Fitness costs and benefits of novel herbicide tolerance in a noxious weed. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 101: 13386-13390.
  3. Bedbrook, J.R., R.S. Chaleff, S.C. Falco, B.J. Mazur, C.R. Somerville, and N.S. Yadev. 1995. Nucleic acid fragment encoding herbicide resistant plant acetolactate synthase.  U. S. Patent 5,378,824.
  4. Bernasconi, P., A.R. Woodworth, B.A. Rosen, M.V. Subramanian, and D.L. Siehl. 1995. A naturally occurring point mutation confers broad range of tolerance to herbicides that target acetolactate synthase.  J. Biol. Chem. 270:17381-17385.
  5. Bradshaw, L.D., S.R. Padgette, S.L. Kimbal, and B.H. Wells. 1997.  Perspectives on glyphosate resistance.  Weed Technol. 11:189-198
  6. Braerson, S.R., D.J. Rodriquez, M. Tran, Y. Feng, N.A. Biest, and G.M. Dill. 2002. Glyphosate-resistant goosegrass.  Identification of a mutation in the target enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase.  Plant Physiol. 129:1265-1275.
  7. Castle, L.A., D.L. Siehl, R. Gorton, P.A. Ratten, Y.H. Chen, S. Bertain, H.J. Cho, N. Duck, J. Wong, D. Liu, and M.W. Lassner. 2004. Discovery and directed evolution of a glyphosate tolerance gene.  Science 304: 1151-1154.
  8. Cavan, G. and S.R. Moss. 2001. Managing the risks of herbicide resistance in wild oat.  Weed Sci. 49:236-240.
  9. Chaleff, R.S. and T.B. Ray. 1984. Herbicide-resistant mutants from tobacco cell-cultures. Science 223:1148-1151.
  10. Coble, H.D. and L.S. Warren. 1997. Weed control investigations in corn, cotton, crop rotations, soybean, small grain. Annu. Rep. Dept. Crop Sci. North Carolina State Univ. 28: 103-113.
  11. Culpepper, A.S. 2004. Glyphosate-induced weed shifts. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 44:92.
  12. Dill, G.M. 2005. Glyphosate-resistant crops: History, status and future. Pest Manag. Sci. 61:219-224.
  13. Duke, S.O. 2005. Taking stock of herbicide-resistant crops ten years after introduction. Pest Mang. Sci.  61:211-218.
  14. Duke, S.O., A.L. Christy, F.D. Hess and J.S. Holt.1991. Herbicide-resistant crops. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology.
  15. Dyer, W.E. 1994. Resistance to glyphosate. In: Herbicide Resistance in Plants.  S. B. Powles and J. A. M. Holtum, eds., pp. 229-241. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.
  16. Feng, P.C.C., M. Tran, T. Chiu, R. Sammons, G. Heck, and C. Cajacob. 2004. Investigations into glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis):  retention, uptake, translocation and metabolism. Weed Sci. 52:498-505. 
  17. Franz, J.E., M.K. Mao, and J.A. Sikorski.1996. Glyphosate: A Unique Global Pesticide. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1997.
  18. Green, J.M. 1998. Differential tolerance of corn (Zea mays) inbreds to four sulfonylurea herbicides and bentazon. Weed Technology 12:474-477.
  19. Gressel, J. 2006. Problems in qualifying and quantifying assumption in plant prediction models: Resultant simulations can be mistaken by a factor of a million. Crop. Protection (in press)
  20. Hall, J.C., Donnelly-Vanderloo, M.J., and D.J. Hume. 1996. Triazine-resistant crops: The agronomic impact and physiological consequences of chloroplast mutation. In: Duke, S.O. ed., Herbicide-resistant crops. Agricultural, Environmental, Economic, Regulatory and Technical Aspects. USA, CRC Press. pp. 107-126.
  21. Heap I.M. 2005. The international survey of herbicide resistant weeds. http://www.weedscience.com
  22. Heap, I.M. and H. LeBarron. 2001. Introduction and overview of resistance. In: Herbicide Resistance and World Grains, ed. Powles, S.B. and Shaner, D.L., CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 1-22.
  23. Hilgenfield, K.L., A.R. Martin, D.A. Mortensen, and S.C. Mason. 2004. Weed management in glyphosate resistant soybean system: Weed species shifts. Weed Technol. 18: 284-291.
  24. Holt, J.S. and H.M. LeBaron. 1990. Significance and distribution of herbicide resistance. Weed Technology. 4: 141-149.
  25. James, C. 2005. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2004. ISAAA Briefs No. 33. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY
  26. Jasieniuk, M. 1995. Constraints on the evolution of glyphosate resistance in weeds. Resistant Pest Management 7:31-32.
  27. King, S.R., E.S. Hagood, and J.H. Westwood. 2004. Differential response of a common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) biotype to glyphosate. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 44:235.
  28. Kishore, G.M., S.R. Padgette, and R.T. Fraley. 1992. History of herbicide-tolerant crops, methods of development and current state of the art – emphasis on glyphosate tolerance. Weed Technol. 6:626-634.
  29. Kishore, G.M. and D.M. Shah. 1988. Amino acid biosynthesis inhibitors as herbicides. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 57:627-663.
  30. LeBaron, H.M. and J. McFarland. 1990. Herbicide resistance in weeds and crops: Overview and prognosis. Amer.Chem. Soc. Symp. Series 421: 336-352.
  31. Lebrun, M., A. Sailland, G. Freyssinet, and E. Degryse. 1997. Mutated 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, gene coding for said protein and transformed plants containing said gene.  World Patent Appl. No. 9,704,103.
  32. Lee, K.Y., J. Townsend, J. Tepperman, M. Black, C.F. Chui, B. Mazur, P. Dunsmuir, and J. Bedbrook. 1988. The molecular-basis of sulfonylurea resistance in tobacco. EMBO Journal 7:1241-1248.
  33. Lorraine-Colwill, D.F., S.B. Powles, T.R. Hawkes, P.H. Hollinshead, S.A.J. Warner, and C. Preston. 2003. Investigations into the mechanism of glyphosate resistance in Lolium rigidum.  Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 74:62-72.
  34. Marshall, M.W., K. Al-Khatib, and L. Maddux. 2000. Weed community shifts associated with continuous glyphosate applications in corn and soybean rotation.  Proc. Western Soc. Weed Sci. 53: 22-25. 
  35. Mazur, B.J. and S.C. Falco. 1989. The development of herbicide resistant crops.  Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 40:441-470.
  36. Nandula, V.K., K.N. Reddy, S.O. Duke, and D.H. Poston. 2005. Glyphosate-resistant weeds: Current status and future outlook. Outlooks on Pest Management 12:183-197.
  37. Owen, M.D.K. 1997. Risks and benefits of weed management technologies. In: Weed and Crop Resistance to Herbicides, ed. De Prado, R., Jorrin, J., and Garcia-Torres, L., Kluwer Academic Publishers, London, pp. 291-297.
  38. Owen, M.D.K. 2001. World maize/soybean and herbicide resistance. In: Herbicide Resistance and World Grains, ed. Powles, S.B. and Shaner, D.L., CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 101-163.
  39. Owen, M.D.K. 2002. Glyphosate resistant waterhemp in Iowa.  Proc. North Cent. Weed Sci. Soc. 57:210.
  40. Owen, M.D.K., and I.A. Zelaya. 2005. Herbicide-resistant crops and weed resistance to herbicides. Pest Manag. Sci. 61:301-311.
  41. Padgette, S.R., D.B. Re, G.F. Barry, D.E. Eichholtz, X. Delannay, R.L. Fuchs, G.M. Kishore, and R.T. Fraley. 1996a. New weed control opportunities: Development of soybeans with a Roundup Ready™ gene. In: Herbicide-Resistant Crops (Duke, S. O., Ed.)  pp. 53-84, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
  42. Padgette, S.R., N.B. Taylor, D.L. Nida, M.R. Bailey, J. MacDonald, L.R. Holden, and R.L. Fuchs. 1996b. The composition of glyphosate-tolerant soybean seeds is equivalent to that of conventional soybeans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 126: 702-716.
  43. Padgette, S.R., K.H. Kolacx, X. Delannay, D.B. Re, B.J. Lavallee, C.N. Tinius, W.K. Rhodes, Y.I. Otero, G.F. Barry, and D.A. Eicholtz. 1995. Development, identification, and characterization of glyphosate-tolerant soybean line. Crop Science 35:1451-1461.
  44. Patzoldt, W.L., P.J. Tranel, and A.G. Hager. 2002. Variable herbicide responses among Illinois waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis and A tuberculatus) populations.  Crop Prot. 21:707-712.
  45. Powles, S.B., D.F. Lorraine-Colwill, J.J. Dellow, and C. Preston. 1998. Evolved resistance to glyphosate in rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Australia. Weed Sci. 46:604-607.
  46. Pratley, J.E., N.A.R. Urwin, R.A. Stanton, P.R. Baines, J.C. Broster, K. Cullis, D.E. Schafer, J.A. Bohn, and R.W. Krueger. 1999. Resistance to glyphosate in Lolium rigidum: I. Bioevaluation. Weed Science 47:405–11.
  47. Ryan, G.F. 1970.  Resistance of common groundsel to simazine and atrazine.  Weed Science. 18: 614-616.
  48. Saari, L.L., J.C. Cotterman, and D.C. Thill. 1994. Resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides. pp. 83-139. In: S.B. Powles and J.A. Holt, Eds., Herbicide Resistance in Plants: Biology and Biochemistry.  CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  49. Saari, L.L., and C.J. Mauvais. 1996. Sulfonylurea herbicide-resistant crops. In: Herbicide resistant crops, CRC Press
  50. Sebastian, S.A., G.M. Fader, J.F. Ulrich, D.R. Forney, and R.S. Chaleff. 1989. Semidominant soybean mutation for resistance to sulfonylureas. Crop Sci. 29:1403-1408.
  51. Shane-Friesen, L.J. and J.C. Hall. 2004. Herbicide resistance: moving beyond simple explanations. pp. 211-225. In: I. Inderjit, Ed. Weed Biology and Management, Kluwer Press, Amsterdam.
  52. Shaner, D.L.  2000. The impact of glyphosate-tolerant crops on the use of other herbicides and on resistance management. Plant Manag. Sci. 56:20-326.
  53. Shaner, D.L. and S.L. O’Connor. 2000. The Imidazoline Herbicides. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL,.
  54. Siehl, D.L., L.A. Castle, R. Gorton, Y.-H. Chen, S. Bertain, H.J. Cho, R. Keenan, D. Liu, and M.W. Lassner. 2005. Evolution of a microbial acetyltransferase for modification of glyphosate: a novel tolerance strategy.  Pest Manag. Sci.  61:235-240.
  55. Smeda, R.J. and C.L. Schuster. 2002. Differential sensitivity to glyphosate among biotypes of common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis Sauer.). In: 13th Australian Weeds Conference, ed by Jacob, S., Dodd, H. J., and Moore, J. H.  Council of Australian Weed Science Societies, Perth, Australia, p. 642.
  56. Stetter, J. 1994. Herbicide Inhibiting Branched Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis: Recent Developments. Springer-Verlag, New York.
  57. Stowe, A.E. and J.S. Holt. 1988. Comparison of triazine resistant and susceptible biotypes of Senecio vulgaris and their F1 hybrids. Plant Physiology. 87: 183-189.
  58. Tan, S.Y., R.R. Evans, M.L. Dahmer, B.K. Singh, and D.L. Shaner. 2005. Imidazolinone-tolerant crops: history, current status and future. Pest Manag. Sci. 61:246-257.
  59. Tranel, P.J. and T.R. Wright. 2002. Resistance of weeds to ALS-inhibiting herbicides: What have we learned? Weed Sci. 50:700-712.
  60. VanGessel, M.J. 2001. Glyphosate-resistant horseweed from Delaware. Weed Sci. 49:703-705.
  61. Westra, P., R. Wilson, P. Stahlman, S. Miller, G. Wicks, S. Nissen, P. Chapman, and J. Withrow. 2004. Results of six years of weed shift studies in Central Great Plains Roundup Ready irrigated and dryland crops. Weed Sci. Soc. Abstracts 43:92.
  62. Yancy, C. 2005. Weed scientists develop plan to combat glyphosate resistance.  Southeast Farm Press, June 2005